| Species |
Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring |
| Heredity |
The passing on of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes |
| Gene Expression |
The process of using the information on the gene to make a protein |
| Gene |
A unit of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein |
| DNA profiling |
Examining DNA / for a pattern or band / to compare OR A method of making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person(, which can then be used to distinguish that persons DNA from other DNA) |
| Coding DNA |
That part of the chromosome which carries the information to make a protein |
| Non-coding DNA |
That part of the chromosome which doesn’t carry the information to make a protein |
| Genetic screening |
Testing (people) for the presence of a (specific) gene or to establish presence or absence of gene(s) |
| Transcription |
The process of producing mRNA using DNA as a template |
| Translation |
The process of making a protein using the mRNA code as a template |
| Gamete |
A haploid sex cell which is capable of fusion |
| Fertilisation |
The fusion of 2 (haploid) gametes to form a (diploid) zygote |
| Allele |
An alternative form of a gene |
| Homozygous |
Has identical alleles (for a trait) |
| Heterozygous |
Has different alleles (for a trait) |
| Genotype |
The genetic make-up of an individual |
| Phenotype |
Physical appearance of an organism |
| Dominance |
One allele masks the expression of the other |
| Recessive |
Allele whose expression is masked by dominant allele |
| Incomplete Dominance |
Neither allele masks the expression of the other |
| Variation |
Difference between members of species or population |
| Mutation |
Change in the genetic make up |
| Genetic Engineering |
Manipulation or alternation of genes |
| Evolution |
(Inheritable) change within a population (or species) / in response to change in the environment / by natural selection / overtime |